January 2026 inflation cools to 2.4%, but economists warn of tariff and data distortions
The latest CPI reading showed year-over-year inflation easing in January, with gasoline prices falling and food inflation still elevated. Economists flagged tariffs, immigration policy, and shutdown-related measurement quirks as key swing factors.
Inflation slowed in January, but the picture is still complicated for markets watching the Federal Reserve’s next move.
## What the report showed
CNBC summarized the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ January CPI release as follows:
- **Headline CPI:** **+2.4% year over year** (down from **2.7%** in December)
- Economists noted easing price pressures across some staples like **gasoline** and parts of **food**, while several “necessities” categories remained stubbornly higher.
## Why investors care
Equity and bond markets tend to react to inflation surprises because they can shift:
- Expectations for **Fed rate cuts/holds**
- The trajectory of **Treasury yields**
- Earnings and valuation assumptions, especially for rate-sensitive sectors
Oxford Economics’ Bernard Yaros said one data point alone likely doesn’t change the baseline expectation for policy, with the Fed still expected to stay on hold until mid-year.
## The two big caveats highlighted
CNBC reported that economists pointed to:
1. **Policy effects**: tariffs and immigration policy may be adding upward pressure to prices as businesses pass costs through and labor supply tightens in some services.
2. **A data distortion**: a federal shutdown disrupted inflation data collection, leading the BLS to assume no increases for many categories in a month where data was missing — which can make inflation look better “on paper.”
## Key price moves mentioned
- **Gasoline**: down month-over-month and down year-over-year
- **Food inflation**: still elevated (CNBC cited **2.9%** annual food inflation)
- **Utilities/home heating**: categories like utility gas service were cited as notably higher (CNBC cited **~10%** annual increase for utility gas service)
## What to watch next
- Any changes in **tariff policy** (including court decisions) that could affect the inflation outlook
- Upcoming inflation and labor-market prints that could validate (or reverse) the cooling trend
_Source: CNBC (link above). Topic: stock-markets._
Source: CNBC